RESUMO
Background: Venezuela has suffered a severe academic and research management crisis and funding opportunities for marine research and data management have been practically absent. This has worsened over the past five years and, as a result, libraries and other institutional spaces have been repeatedly vandalised, with hundreds of records, specimens and historical data stolen, destroyed or burned. To avoid the loss of irreplaceable data on Venezuelan biodiversity, an initiative was promoted, aimed at digitising information to create a rich dataset of biodiversity records, with emphasis on marine protected areas for the country, as well as to fill gaps in the distribution and status of marine biodiversity in Venezuela. Nighteen (19) institutions in the country focusing on marine science have consistently produced a wealth of information about Venezuela's marine biodiversity in the form of specimen collections, unpublished sampled data and research theses through the work of hundreds of researchers and students. An inventory of available data sources at these national institutions was conducted under the National Biodiversity Data Mobilization Grant and the Biodiversity Information for Development Program, together with the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) support. All recovered and processed datasets were published in the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) repositories. New information: This occurrences data collection represents a major contribution to the marine biodiversity inventory in Venezuela. It is based on numerous published papers, reports, books and checklists provided by experts, covering a broad taxonomic collection from which we obtained species occurrences (present and absent), organised into 59 datasets containing 40,881 records. This represents a 28.49% contribution to the records of the Venezuelan marine biodiversity reported to the OBIS (143,513 records in the OBIS until November 2022). The extracted data showed 3,041 marine species, with representatives of each of the six kingdoms: Animalia, Chromista, Bacteria, Plantae, Fungi and Protozoa. The datasets provide information on occurrence since 1822, extending the temporal coverage of the species occurrence inventory for Venezuela, which was established in 1879 before this project. The number of records for Venezuela increased by 41.3% compared with the data available before the project. Most of the occurrences (63.47%) were registered in Marine Protected Areas. Data collection included records of non-native species, descriptions of new species and species listed under different IUCN categories.
RESUMO
En Venezuela, los estudios del bentos marino se han concentrado en zonas costeras someras. La presente investigación ha permitido conocer y cuantificar, por vez primera, la macrofauna bentánica de aguas profundas, ubicadas en la zona noreste del Delta del Orinoco. Muestras de sedimento fueron tomadas con el empleo de una draga tipo box-core (0,25m² de área) en 81 estaciones comprendidas entre los 50 y 1500m de profundidad. Se colectaron 1673 organismos pertenecientes a 11 phyla, siendo los anélidos los más abundantes (63,56 por ciento) y de ellos los poliquetos representaron el 60,73 por ciento. Siguen en abundancia los crustáceos (15,42 por ciento), nemátodos (9,26 por ciento) y bivalvos (7,11 por ciento). El 70,47 por ciento de la fauna fue retenido en el tamiz de 0,5mm de apertura de malla. En general, esta comunidad bentónica se caracterizó por una elevada diversidad biológica, pero con una muy baja densidad de organismos (20,65 ±25,87ind/estación). Los mayores valores promedio (129 individuos) se obtuvieron en la zona somera de la plataforma, entre 0-200m, mientras que los valores más bajos se registraron a grandes profundidades (0-37 individuos).
